Nancy

9 Things They Didn’t Tell You About Transitioning out of the Military

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If you are thinking about transitioning from your military to your civilian career, you probably attended TAP. Even if you paid attention during your TAP class, there are (at least) 9 things they didn’t talk about:

1. Transition is hard. If you have spent your entire adult life in the military, transitioning to civilian life is hard. You will likely be around people who have never served in the military—and in some cases you may be the first military member your new colleagues will have met! That means your new colleagues may not understand your experience or the language you use. You’ll need to translate your skills and experience into civilian “speak.” Most nonmilitary personnel do not know the difference between a Corporal and a Colonel, or a Brigade or Battalion.

2. You may not make as much money as you had hoped. Competition for jobs is fierce, whether you are targeting the federal sector or the private sector. And wages in many industries have been stagnant. You may not be able to match your military income, depending upon where you live and what you decide to do. In addition, you may not have access to the services you had as an active duty military member—depending upon your individual situation, you may have to pay for medical insurance and housing costs, your taxable income may be different, etc.

3. Veterans preference alone will not get you a job. You may have heard that as someone who has veterans’ preference, it will be easy to get a job in the federal government. The reality is that most federal job postings receive hundreds, if not a 1,000 or more applications. In most cases, a significant percentage of those applications are from those who have veterans’ preference—and many separating military members receive a 30%+ compensable disability rating. I worked with one agency which received 1,200 applications for a GS-6 position—and 900 of the applicants had a disability rating of 30%+.

4. Getting a job—whether federal or private sector—will take time. You should start looking for job prior to separation; if you’re targeting the federal government, consider using the VOW Act (see: https://chcoc.gov/content/vow-veterans-opportunity-work-hire-heroes-act-2011) prior to separation to receive veterans’ preference consideration. If you are selected prior to your military separation, most employers will wait a period of time for you to be able to start. I tell separating military members that they should expect 6-12 months of job search. Of course, you could get a job sooner but its good to be realistic about how long it could take.

5. No, you cannot “do anything.” I often hear from people who say that they can “do anything;” the military instills a “can do” spirit in its members. While this is obviously good, most employers want to know specifics. You need to be able to talk about the specific thing you can do, along with your accomplishments.

6. A general resume does not work. TAP often encourages transitioning military members to have a “master resume.” Again, whether you are targeting federal or private sector jobs, you need a targeted resume that speaks to the knowledge, skills, and abilities you bring to the table in the context of the jobs you are targeting. Rather than having a master resume, you may want to have multiple resumes, each focused on a different career field and using the key words / target language for the specific industry. And, if you are focused on the private sector, your resume will likely be run through Applicant Tracking Software (ATS) which will search for specific key words.

7. If you want to go the government contracting route, understand the risk. Make sure the position and contract are real (and have been funded) before you stop looking elsewhere. And ask when the contract ends—you want to know that the contract still as some “life” on it—there is no guarantee that the contract will be re-competed or that the contracting company will win. And if not, you could be on the street.

8. Yes, you need to network. In the private sector especially—and even in the federal sector—who you know does matter. The time to network is before you separate. A Department of Labor study shows that 80% of all job selections come from professional networks. Hiring is a risk for employers (they never know what they’re going to get) so being referred by a current employee is a huge plus. Reach out to one of the many military networking groups. Join LinkedIn and be an active participant. Talk to people about what you want to do and have your elevator speech ready to go.

9. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. This could mean getting assistance in figuring out what you really want to, writing your resume, practicing interviewing skills, etc. There is a lot of assistance out there for transitioning military members—both free and paid. You didn’t serve alone; you don’t have to transition alone either!

6 Steps to Writing a Great Cover Letter

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While cover letters are generally not needed for federal applications, they are still common for private sector applications and even some federal hiring managers like them. So, if you are applying for a position in the private sector, or if you are a traditionalist, and want to include a cover letter with your federal job application, here are 6 tips you should use to do it right:

  1. Although many people use a template cover letter, you should customize it each and every time. Make sure that your cover letter is addressed to the right person, the right company/organization, and the right job. It is amazing how many people miss this simple step. In this age of Google, LinkedIn, company websites, there is no excuse for “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir or Madam.”
  2. Match your cover letter formatting to your resume formatting. To ensure that your two documents are compatible, use the same font and formatting—you want to make it obvious that your documents go together. That being said, your cover letter should not be an exact duplicate of what is in your resume.
  3. Make your cover letter employer-focused. Address the employer’s needs and interests to show you are a good fit. Be sure to highlight your relevant job-related achievements in your cover letter and show how those accomplishments can help the employer solve their problems. Do not discuss your needs—like telework, part-time schedules, etc.
  4. Be professional. This means using a professional personal email address (ideally with your name; remove birth year—some employers will not consider resumes from people who use their birth year in their email for fear of potential discrimination concerns. You should not use your work email address for seeking other employment; nor should you be using AOL for job applications. It goes without saying (I hope) that you should not use hotmama@gmail.com or hotrodguy@yahoo.com. You should also doublecheck to ensure that your contact information (and the rest of your letter) does not include typographical or other errors.
  5. Start your cover letter with a “bang.” Your opening sentence should not be along the lines of “Enclosed please find my resume in response to your posting for…” This is boring; instead, make your opening sentence pop; think about something along the lines of, “As someone who is committed to improving educational opportunities for all, I have followed ABC company since its inception. I was excited to see the posting for…”
  6. Close the deal. Your last paragraph should include a “call to action.” Invite the reader to take the next step. Tell them that you welcome the opportunity to share more information and provide your best contact info (email, cell phone).

No, I Will Not Guarantee You That Your New Resume Will Result in a Job Offer

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I am often asked whether I will guarantee a job offer if someone uses my services for resume writing. Not only will I not guarantee that you will get a job, I encourage you to question anyone who makes that claim. Why? There are lots of things that go into getting selected for a job—your resume is only a very small part.

What are some of the other factors that go into determining whether you will get a job?

  • Are you actually qualified for the position(s) you’ve applied for? For example, do have the specialized experienced required (and not just time in grade), if you’re applying for federal jobs. Did you answer the questionnaire properly? If you’re applying for private sector positions, do you meet all of the qualifications?
  • Is the hiring manager just going through the motions of posting because he or she has to because of internal policy or some notion of transparency? Does the hiring manager have someone in mind (that isn’t you) but is just posting out of habit or again, internal policy?
  • Did you blow the interview? Perhaps you received an interview or were referred to the hiring manager; was your interview strong? How did you compare to the other candidates referred / interviewed?
  • Was the hiring manager required to hire someone else due to internal politics?
  • How many positions have you actually applied for? While it is certainly possible that you will get the first position you apply for, it isn’t all that likely. In many ways, applying for a new position is a numbers game. And, while I do not endorse applying for “everything”—also known as the “spray and pray” method, I do believe you need to be realistic about your chances. Most job postings result in hundreds, if not thousands of applicants.
  • Was there an actual position to be filled? Or was the posting in anticipation of receiving funding / approval for the position / whatever? Was it one of those federal postings I often see that are open in dozens of locations for all grades? If you read the fine print on those, it clearly says, “There may or may not be actual vacancies at the time you submit your application.”
  • Are you networking? Have you used LinkedIn or another source to identify people on the “inside” who might be able to assist you in learning about the organization, the position, and the hiring manager? Networking is critical to all job searches, federal and private sector.

The above represents just some of factors that go into a hiring manager making a decision. So, no, I will not guarantee you a job offer. I will guarantee you a best practice, competitive resume that is targeted toward your position of choice.

Numbers, Numbers Everywhere!

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I frequently discuss the importance of including metrics in your resume, during your interviews, in your self-assessments / accomplishment reports, and anywhere you can. People are always telling me that they don’t have these numbers or can’t remember them.

Numbers are important because they give context to your work and they prove your accomplishments. If you say that you lead a team or manage a budget or generate reports, I have no way of knowing whether that team is 2 or 200, your budget is $1 or $100M, or you generate 1 report a quarter or 1 per week. When you are in the middle of doing your job, it’s easy to forget the impact of your work. And of course readers of your resume, interviewers, etc., will not have the framework for knowing that context. It is important for you to keep track and share both the context of your work and your impact with others. One way to think about this is to answer the question, “how many, how much, and how often.”

To be more specific, here are some questions to consider to help you identify numbers to use in your career documents:

  • Size of your budget
  • Size of your team (and for those of you who are supervisors, how many direct reports, indirect reports?)
  • How large is your territory? How many states / countries do you cover?
  • How many people do you support?
  • How many projects do you oversee at one time? What is their dollar value?
  • How long are your reports? How often do you write them?
  • Are all of your team members in one place or are they geographically dispersed? And if so, over how many states / countries / time zones?
  • How much money did you save?
  • By what percentage (or number of days) did you reduce processing time?
  • How many customers do you have?
  • Can you show a “before” and “after” comparison to demonstrate your impact—and quantify it?
  • How many contracts did you approve? What was their total dollar value?
  • How much growth did you see in customers? In sales? In something else?
  • How quickly were you promoted?
  • Did you complete something ahead of schedule? If so, by how many days / months?
  • Did you bring a project in under budget? If so, by how much in dollars?
  • How many audit findings did you identify? How many did you resolve?
  • What is your response time? Does that represent an improvement?
  • Did you reduce complaints? By how much?
  • Did you increase “clicks,” engagement? Morale? Something else? Be specific.
  • Did you reduce turnover / improve retention?
  • Did you increase profits / sales revenue / donations?
  • What was the average rating of classes you taught? How many classes? How many participants?
  • Did you reduce the error rate? By how much?

You get the idea! And of course, when using numbers in your accomplishments, be sure to use actions verbs: increased, shortened, improved, reduced, generated, etc. Be sure to track your numbers throughout your career so you have them available when needed. Using numbers in your resume, during interviews, and elsewhere to tout your accomplishments and provide context to your work is a real differentiator and will make you standout.

How Long Should I Expect to Spend on My Resume?

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I am often asked how long writing a resume should take. There are several ways to answer this question; the first one depends on whether you are prepared with all of your information before you sit down to write. And whether you are writing a private sector or federal resume—or both!

Here is what you need to have ready to prepare a strong resume before you sit down to write:

• A target job posting. Key words are essential. You’ll need to identify the key words of the postings or kind of job you are pursuing. If you are writing a resume for the private sector, you should assume that your resume will be “read” by Applicant Tracking Software (ATS) which will search for key words. If you are writing a federal resume, you should know that USAJOBS is not an ATS; however, Human Resources (HR) professionals will be reviewing your resume to ensure your experience as outlined in your resume matches the qualifications sought—and the best way to demonstrate that is through the use of key words.

• Your work history for the past 10 or so years. It never ceases to amaze me how many people do not accurately track their titles, employers, and month/year of employment. All employers want to know this and you need this information on hand before you start drafting your resume. Most employers do not need the specific start date (only month and year) but some federal job postings do request actual dates, in addition to month and year.

• Metrics related to your current job (and ideally the ones past too). Metrics give your work context and it is important to use them as often as possible. What is the dollar value of your budget? How many people do you supervise? How long are your projects? Any place you can include a number, you should; this will be a real differentiator in your resume. Again, numbers are something you should track throughout your career—it’s almost impossible to remember them over a long period of time.

• Achievements. It is not enough to include duties in your resume; employers want to know how you have added value / made a difference. Try to track your achievements over the course your career. It’s not enough to list your duties on your resume; you can differentiate yourself by demonstrating that you not only did your duties but that you did them well. Try to have at least 3-5 achievements for your current job (assuming you’ve been in it for a couple of years). Again, having achievements can make you stand out from other candidates who have essentially the same experience.

• Education information, along with professional certifications, awards, professional development, and other details. While all resumes need education (although skip your graduation date if you graduated more than 5 years ago) and professional certifications (CPA, PMP, PE, IT certifications, etc.), in most cases you should only include awards and professional development on a federal resume.

Only after you have gathered all of your relevant information, is it time to start writing. How long should that take? If you are writing a private sector resume, assume it will take you at least 4 to 6 hours (or more); if you are writing a federal resume, assume a minimum of 6 to 8 hours.

These timeframes are minimum and do not include time for editing and revision. Nor are they illustrative of how long it takes to prepare an executive or Senior Executive Service (SES) resume. And I always recommend that you walk away from your draft for at least a day so you can review it with fresh eyes.

Can You Write Executive Core Qualifications (ECQ) by Tomorrow?

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Nearly every day I get a call from someone seeking help to prepare a set of Executive Core Qualifications (ECQ) as part of their Senior Executive Service (SES) package. Unfortunately, many people want their ECQs written in 3 days—sometimes less!

When I begin to ask them questions about whether they have a draft, are familiar with CCAR, or have thought about their stories, the answer is often no. To prepare a strong set of ECQs, you should expect to spend a significant amount of time: 1) identifying your examples, 2) writing, and 3) reviewing and editing.

  • Identifying ECQ examples: Before sitting down to write your ECQs, you should identify 10 or more examples / stories to use. Your stories must fit the competencies (Leading Change, Leading People, Results Driven, Business Acumen, and Building Coalitions); be from the past 10 years (5 is better if possible); and be at the executive level. Hosting meetings, arranging for training, implementing someone else’s plan is not typically considered executive. Your examples should demonstrate your strategic thinking and ideally, have enterprise-wide impact.

As you identify your examples, you may find that you have stories that could fit in more than one ECQ. Try to pick the strongest match to the ECQ and that ECQs underlying competencies (for example, the underlying competencies for leading change are: vision, strategic thinking, external awareness, innovation/creativity, flexibility, and resilience).

  • Writing: Once you have your stories identified, you should outline your stories using the required CCAR model. CCAR is the acronym for Challenge-Context-Action-Result. It may even help to write out the parts of the CCAR model and then outline each part of the CCAR with the details. What does CCAR mean and how to use it?

Challenge. Describe a specific problem or goal.

Context. Describe the individuals and groups you worked with, and/or the environment in which you worked, to address a particular challenge (e.g., clients, co-workers, members of Congress, shrinking budget, low morale).

Action. Discuss the specific actions you took to address a challenge.

Result. Give specific examples of measures/outcomes that had some impact on the organization. These accomplishments demonstrate the quality and effectiveness of your leadership skills.

Once you have your outline, then you can start writing. Be sure to focus on your leadership skills and not your technical expertise (save that for the Technical Qualifications) and don’t forget to include the underlying competencies in your essay. Include as many metrics as possible throughout and make sure you can prove your results; it’s not enough to say things are better—you need to show that they are by using a clear before and after metric. You may want to think about including one action for each underlying competency.

  • Reviewing / Editing: Don’t forget to leave time for this. Your ECQ draft should be 10 pages (2 pages for each ECQ). Have someone who does not understand your work review your ECQs (remember, that ECQ reviewers at the Office of Personnel Management level will not be from your agency or likely familiar with your work). Do a “word search” to make sure you have covered all 28 underlying competencies—and put them in the right ECQ. Check spelling and grammar—don’t rely on spell check. And make sure that you have used “I” rather than “we;” the hiring manager and reviewers want to know what you did.

How long does all of this take? SES applicants should expect to spend 40 to 60 hours (or even more!) of solid work to put together a strong set of ECQs. So no, I am sorry, but I cannot get your ECQ written by tomorrow…or even 3 days.