Government Jobs

What Does The Federal Workforce Look Like?

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The Partnership for Public Service recently published a profile of the federal government’s 2M civilian, executive branch employees based on data from FedScope. Here are some fun facts:

  • Between 2019 and 2023, the federal workforce grew by ~140,000 employees.
  • In 1945, the federal workforce represented 2.5% of the entire US population; today, federal government employees make up ~.6% of the US population.
  • The vast majority of federal employees are involved in defense and national security (nearly 71%). The Department of Veterans’ Affairs has 20% of the entire federal workforce with 400,000 employees.
  • The top occupational category in the government is medical and medically aligned positions; these include physicians, nurses, physical therapists, pharmacists, dental officers, veterinarians and many other public health occupations. There are ~310,000 federal employees in these occupations.
  • Despite media reports to the contrary, only 20% of federal employees work in the Washington, DC-Maryland-Virginia area.
  • Only 7.4% of federal employees are under the age of 30; this is lower than the US labor force; 42.6% of the federal workforce is 50+. New hires are primarily between the ages of 30 and 49 (55%)/
  • The federal government is more diverse than the private sector with 60% of employees identifying as white (compared to 76% in the private sector). 26% of the members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) identify as people of color and 39% of SES members are women.
  • 30% of federal employees are veterans.
  • Education levels are higher in the government as well, with 53.8% holding at least an undergraduate degree (compared to 40.4% in the IS labor force).

Want more data? FedScope (www.fedscope.opm.gov) can provide it!

Performance Review Not As Strong As You Had Hoped? Now What?

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No one wants to receive a poor performance review. But how you respond is important. While you can respond in writing or file a grievance (if you work for the federal government), you may want to consider having a conversation with your boss first. Here is a potential script you can use:

Preparation:

Before approaching your supervisor, you’ll want to prepare. First, take some time and decide what you want to do. Reflect on whether the review was unfair or incorrect, whether it was the first time you received such a review, and whether you are clear on what is expected.

  • If you believe the review was inaccurate, do you have documentation to back up your assertion?
  • If you believe that expectations were not clear, you’ll want to be sure you understand your performance standards.
  • The goal is to assess your performance to get you “back on track.”

Make the Ask:

[Boss name], I’ve been thinking a lot since my review last week, and I’d like to sit down with you to discuss specific aspects of my performance review now that I’ve had a chance to reflect on it.

How It Might Sound:

You: [Boss name], I was kind of shocked by your rating of my performance in last week’s review. Now that I’ve had a chance to think about it some more, I’d like to meet with you to discuss some specific aspects of it. Could we set up a time in the next week to do that?

In the Meeting Itself:

Again, be prepared for the meeting. Make sure you review your performance expectations and you personal documentation of your performance. Plan out what you want to say. Be open-minded; the goal is not to win an argument but to better understand expectations and what you might need to do to meet them.

How It Might Sound:

You: I was pretty defensive in the meeting because I thought I’d been doing a great job. But after looking more closely at the review, I can see there are some things that I need to work on. So that I can improve my performance, I’d like to meet with you monthly — or quarterly at least — so that I can improve my performance for next year’s review. Is that possible?

Boss: We could definitely do check-in meetings at least every other month to make sure you’re on track. But I’ve been pretty clear about our expectations for the areas that you were scored low on, so I’m curious as to the changes you’re going to be making to improve in those areas.

You: Yes, that’s one of the things that I want to talk about in our meetings. While I agree that there are expectations laid out for customer service interactions, for example, there are some things that are ambiguous, and also, you hadn’t said anything to me before about needing to document follow-up interactions, so I was surprised to see that noted on the review. I’m committed to improving my performance, but I want to make sure I’m on the right track.

Boss: Well, I’m happy to discuss some of the specifics, and to clarify anything that you feel is ambiguous. While it’s always been in the customer service guidelines to document follow-up interactions, this is a point of emphasis for management this year, so that’s why it’s noted in the review. But that’s the kind of thing that we can work on throughout the year so it’s not a surprise for you on the annual review. You’re a valued employee, and I am happy to work with you on these issues.

Obviously, not all interactions will be positive but as an employee, you want to do your best to have a win-win outcome.

Veterans’ Preference: A Tangible Expression Of Appreciation And Support

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When I think about the many ways our country shows gratitude to our veterans, the most tangible is found in ‘veterans’ preference.’

The roots of veterans’ preference can be traced back to the aftermath of World War I. As soldiers returned home from the grueling battles abroad, the nation recognized the need to reintegrate these brave men and women into civilian life. Beyond parades and memorials, there was a genuine understanding that these individuals deserved opportunities to build their post-war lives. Hence, the preference policy was born, giving military veterans a leg up when seeking government employment.

‍Veterans’ Preference Evolution Through Time

Congress continued to update and provide veterans’ preference to those who served beyond World War I. On March 3, 1865, just prior to the end of the American Civil War, Congress updated veterans’ preference to ensure those who served in the Army and Navy were given preference in civil appointments.

“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, [t]hat persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service by reason of disability resulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the line of duty, should be preferred for appointments to civil offices, provided they shall be found to possess the business capacity necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of such offices” (Veteran Hiring in the Civil Service: Practices and Perceptions, August 2014).

Today, under the current the veterans’ preference policy, eligible veterans who apply for federal jobs are given preference over non-veterans. This means that if a veteran and a non-veteran have the same qualifications for a position, the veteran will be given preference and awarded the job. In some cases, veterans may even receive additional points on their application scores.  

The policy has been expanded over time to include not only those who served during wartime but also those who served during peacetime. In addition, the policy applies to not just federal jobs but also some state and local government jobs.

‍The Importance of Veterans’ Preference

One of the main reasons for implementing veterans’ preference was to provide opportunities to veterans who may have been disadvantaged due to their time serving in the military. Many veterans face challenges when transitioning back to civilian life, including finding employment. Veterans’ preference helps to level the playing field and provide veterans with an advantage in the job market.

Another benefit of veterans’ preference is that it helps to ensure that the government has a diverse workforce. Veterans come from all walks of life and have a variety of skills and experiences. By giving them preference in employment, the government is able to tap into a diverse pool of talent.

There are some who argue that veterans’ preference can be unfair to non-veterans who are equally qualified for a job. However, supporters of the policy argue that veterans have made sacrifices for their country and deserve to be given preference in employment opportunities.

While veterans’ preference is an important policy, it is not a guarantee of employment for veterans. Veterans still need to meet the qualifications for the job they are applying for and compete with other candidates. However, veterans’ preference can give them an advantage and help them to better compete in the job market.

In conclusion, veterans’ preference is an important policy that recognizes the sacrifices made by veterans and provides them with opportunities for employment. While some may argue that it is unfair to non-veterans, supporters argue that it helps to ensure that the government has a diverse workforce and provides opportunities to those who may have been disadvantaged due to their time serving in the military.

Learn more about Veterans’ Preference:

‍‍This post was written by Nancy Segal in collaboration with Federal Career Connection, Inc., an independently organized educational nonprofit organization who are grounded in community service and commitment to helping individuals in career transition. Learn more about the partnership by clicking here!

How To Apply For Senior Executive Service (SES) Positions

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Like almost all positions in the federal government, positions in the Senior Executive Service (SES) are required to be posted on USAJOBS. The minimum posting time is 14 days, although many SES positions run longer. No big surprise here. But did you know that not all SES postings require that you submit Executive Core Qualifications (ECQs) as part of your SES application?

Agencies have 3 methods they can use to post SES positions: traditional, resume-based, and accomplishment record. There are a few other nuances related to SES applications as well. When you’re thinking about applying for a SES position, the first thing you want to do is carefully review the posting to see which method is being used. Here’s a quick summary of the different SES application methods:

  • Traditional Method. When most people think about applying for a SES position, they are thinking about the traditional method. This involves a SES resume, a full set of Executive Core Qualifications (10 pages, prepared consistent with Office of Personnel Management guidance), and Technical Qualifications (TQs) (also known as Professional Technical Qualifications or Mandatory Technical Qualifications). SES applications that are posted using the traditional method can easily run 20 pages (10 pages for ECQs, a 5 page resume, and typically 4-6 pages for TQs, depending on the number of TQs and their length). This represents the vast majority of SES postings.
  • Resume-based Method. Under this approach, applicants only submit a resume (typically 5 pages but check the posting to be sure). Resumes must include evidence of the candidate’s possession of the ECQs and any TQs listed in the announcement. Some agencies using this method require separate TQs to be submitted with the resume. If a candidate is selected by the agency, they then need to prepare ECQs for submission to OPM before they can be appointed to the SES. Some Departments and agencies use the resume method exclusively for their SES postings while others use a mix of traditional and resume based.
  • Accomplishment Record Method. This approach is also more streamlined than the traditional method. In this method, applicants submit a resume and short narratives addressing selected competencies (e.g., strategic thinking) underlying one or more ECQs and any technical qualifications. Narratives addressing the competencies are normally limited to one page or less per competency. I generally do not see this approach used that often but it is the approach the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been using for its SES Candidate Development Program (CDP) application for the last several years.
  • Excepted Service SES-equivalent positions. There are a number of excepted service agencies. SES equivalent level postings in these agencies (FAA, the financial regulatory agencies such as the SEC and OCC, DEA, and more) generally do not require ECQs and if they do, those ECQs are not submitted to OPM for approval.
  • Certain Department of Defense (DoD) SES positions. Under the NDAA of 2019, the DoD was provided authority to eliminate the requirement for certification of ECQs by the Office of Personnel Management for initial SES appointments in DoD. DoD may appoint no more than 50 individuals in any calendar year using this authority. People selected under this authority cannot be selected for other SES positions that do not fall under this authority without approval of their ECQs by OPM.

There are other SES application options as well. Before deciding to apply for a SES position, be sure to read the posting carefully to ensure you understand the application process itself.

Interested in learning more about the SES? Check out our self-paced online training course Preparing a Senior Executive Service Package!

Job Search During The Holidays—Networking Made Easy

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The holiday season can be the perfect time to conduct your job search. Why? Because there are many opportunities for networking—even in the current environment. With holiday gatherings, either in person or virtually, you have natural opportunities to build your network. Why does this matter? Because research shows that as many as 80% of successful hiring can be attributed to networking.

Hands typing on a laptop keyboard with holiday decor around.

Here are some tips for successful networking:

  1. Build your network before you need it. Having a strong network helps build your brand and reputation, increases your visibility, and can provide support.
  2. Recognize that networking is a two-way street. You should not think about networking just as an opportunity to improve your own situation but also as a way to support others. Do something to build your network each and every day, whether that’s sending an email to someone you haven’t talked to in a while, or identifying someone new you want to meet.
  3. Find your (potential) network everywhere around you. Sources to grow your network are everywhere from your friends and relatives to business associates such as accountants, attorneys, vendors (be sure to understand your organization’s ethics rules), to alumni associations to community organizations, and everyone in between. Even the people in your holiday card file! Make a list—your network is probably larger than you imagined.
  4. Seek out opportunities to meet people. You can attend holiday parties, volunteer in your community, participate in networking events, and take part in industry-related conferences, among other things. Follow up with everyone you meet either via LinkedIn or email.
  5. Ask for help (if you need it) and be specific about exactly what you need. Most people will be happy to help you — but you need to ask. A specific request for assistance (“Does anyone know someone who works in the accounting department at Company X?”) is more likely to be fulfilled than a general request (“I need a new job! Help!”)
  6. Follow up. If a networking contact gives you advice, a lead, or information, follow up on that information — and then also get back to that person to let them know how it went.
  7. Don’t forget about networking online. LinkedIn is the professional networking site. Make sure your profile is up to date. As you build your connections, customize your ask by sharing where you met / what you have in common. Comment on posts, and join groups. Post yourself. Work on growing your network to 500 or so.
  8. Pay it forward. After you land your new job, be sure to thank your network — especially contacts that have specifically helped you with your job search. At a minimum, send a personal note to everyone who assisted you in your search. And don’t forget to spread the word that you’ve accepted a new opportunity. Don’t neglect your network just because you found a new job. One of the most important parts of maintaining your network is providing assistance when you are asked. Be responsive to requests for help from folks in your network when you are asked.

7 Things You May Not Know About Veterans Preference

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As many of you know, veterans receive hiring priority for many federal (and state) government positions. Like most things in the federal government (and elsewhere), it can be complicated.

Here are 7 things you may not have known.

  1. Veterans’ preference does not expire. If your military service dates back to the Viet Nam war—or even earlier, your veterans’ preference is still usable.
  2. You may use your veterans’ preference more than once (there’s actually no limit to how many times you may use it).
  3. Veterans’ preference does not count for all federal hiring. If you are applying for a position that is open to status applicants or those already in the federal government, veterans preference does not count [even if you’re a vet or applying under the Veterans Employment Opportunity Act (VEOA)]; likewise, veterans’ preference is not always used in excepted service hiring or for positions filled under direct hire. Veterans’ preference is used for what is called delegated examining, competitive service hiring—basically hiring for people who have not worked for the government before. Please note this is an oversimplification; I’m just trying to make the point that veterans’ preference doesn’t always count.
  4. You may have multiple veterans’ hiring eligibilities. Depending on your personal situation, you may be eligible for several kinds of veterans’ eligibility and preference. Check out www.fedshirevets.gov to learn more about the various eligibilities available to veterans (and spouses). If you’re still not sure, look at the Department of Labor’s decision tree: https://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/vets/vetpref/mservice.htm. When you apply, be sure to use all eligibilities you can.
  5. Just because you’re a veteran, doesn’t mean that you must be hired. Agencies have multiple ways to hire people. Even if you’re applying for a competitive service position under delegated examining, you are likely not the only veteran who is applying—and agencies can hire any similarly situated veteran. Or they can hire from a list of status applicants. Or they can hire a candidate who is eligible under another direct hire or excepted service. Being a veteran—even with a service connected disability—does not guarantee you a job.
  6. Noting that you’re a veteran but failing to include the required documentation (DD-214 and / or SF-15) will mean that your veterans’ eligibility will likely not be counted. Upload your documents to USAJOBS and make sure your documents are readable.
  7. Military spouses have preference too! If you’re a military spouse, you’re likely eligible for noncompetitive hiring. Again, agencies do not have to use this authority but they can. Check this out for additional information: https://www.fedshirevets.gov/job-seekers/spouses-of-active-duty-military-members/#content.