Nancy

Can I Use My Federal Resume To Apply For A Job In The Private Sector?

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The short answer to the question is NO. Federal and private sector resumes are quite different on multiple fronts. Here are some of the critical differences:

  • Length: Your private sector resume should not exceed 2 pages.
  • Level of detail: Private sector resumes do not need the same level of detail about your work. Each of your job entries should include 3 to 5 lines of description, followed by bullet pointed accomplishments. No bullet point should exceed 3 lines of text and 1-2 lines is better.
  • LinkedIn; LinkedIn is critical for private sector job search. Your customized LinkedIn URL (not the default URL you are assigned) should appear on your resume. And your LinkedIn should include your picture, a customized headline, a complete about section, and completed information about your jobs. You should not copy and paste your resume
  • Applicant Tracking Software (ATS): Most private sector employers use ATS. While there is no industry standard for ATS, there are some commonalities. Your resume needs to be formatted for ATS; among other things, this means no tables (many online templates include tables—do not use them), no “cutesy” job headings, nothing smaller than 11 font and .5 margins, no contact information in the your header or footer, and of course, key words from the postings you’re targeting.
  • Cover letters: In most cases, cover letters are expected when you apply for positions in the private sector. Again, your cover letters should include the key words from the postings you’re targeting and match the formatting of your resume.
  • Networking: Not all private sector jobs are posted; many are not. It is not uncommon for people get jobs through those they know (or through those who know someone you know). You can mention your referral in your cover letter.

There are, of course, commonalities between federal and private sector resumes as well. These include the necessity of including powerful accomplishments to demonstrate that you have achieved results, numbers to give your work context, and a focus on the past 10 years. I promise that no one cares what you did in the 1980’s or 1990’s—or even in the early 2000’s.

Getting a private sector job is doable and a good way to start is by preparing your private sector resume and strengthening your LinkedIn profile, followed by focusing on the kind of jobs you’re targeting and the kinds of organizations and networking.

What Should I Do Before I Leave the Government—or Plan to Stay?

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As you know, the period to decide whether you want to accept deferred resignation is Friday, February 6. If you are thinking about accepting deferred resignation –or even if you’re not, there are several things you should do to prepare:

  1. Every employee should have a copy of their Official Personnel File (OPF or eOPF). You OPF includes every Standard Form 50 you have received as a government employee. These documents prove your status and career track. You need a copy of your record in case there is a problem of any kind—or you decide you want to come back to federal service at some point
  2. If you have been employed by several agencies, your prior agencies’ SF-50’s should be in your OPF. If not, you can request these from the National Personnel Records Center (NRPC) in St. Louis. Information about the NRPC can be found at this website: https://www.archives.gov/personnel-records-center.
  3. Check your SF-50 for accuracy. You want to do this before you separate and let Human Resources (HR) know in writing of any errors before you separate. Errors could include transposed numbers in your Social Security Number, incorrect documentation of your veterans preference, inaccurate Service Computation Date (SCD)—you could be missing military service or service at other agencies—and other such concerns. Be sure to keep copies of any communications with HR.
  4. Review your leave and earnings statement, again for accuracy, and let your payroll office of any issues in writing.
  5. Most military vets already have copies of their DD-214 and SF-10; if not, get a copy from your OPF.
  6. Get a copy of your agency ethics / conflict of interest policy. Depending upon your individual position and agency, you may be subject to a “cooling off period” in your next employment. It’s better to understand any limitations before you reach out to potential employers. Such limitations may apply to lower level employees as well as more senior personnel.
  7. Make copies of your recent performance reviews and self assessments. These will be helpful in drafting accomplishments for your resume and in prepping for interviews.
  8. Record your supervisor’s and colleagues’ personal contact information for future use as a reference.
  9. Remove personal emails and the like from government systems. Do not remove anything from your computer or other files than belong to the government. If you have questions, contact your records manager.
  10. Verify that you understand the implications of your decision. Accepting deferred resignation is irrevocable. Before finalizing your decision, you may want to speak with your financial advisor and attorney.

The more prepared for your separation you are, the easier your transition. Good luck!

New Year, New Job

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A new year is a great time to assess where you’re at professionally. Is it time for you to make a job change? Or a career change? Here are concrete actions you can take over the next month to assess your situation and begin to move forward.

During this 21-day period, you’ll take consistent action in 5 different areas:

  • Where Are You Now?
  • Where Are You Going?
  • What Sets You Apart?
  • What’s Your Plan?
  • Let’s Do This!

For best results, enlist an accountability partner to help you complete the actions. Ideally, it will be someone who is looking to make a job or career change too, so you can keep each other accountable and on track. For best results, check in with each other daily.

Sample New Year, New Job Challenge Planner

  Day 1  Find the most recent version of my résumé and current job description.  
  Day 2  Brainstorm a list of what I need to add to my résumé (work experience, accomplishments, education, training, etc.)  
  Day 3  Spend 30 minutes considering whether I want a new job or a new career. Make a pros/cons list.  
  Day 4  Take the Clifton StrengthsFinder skills assessment.
  Day 5  Spend 30 minutes pulling together information for my brag book.
  Day 6  Brainstorm 10 possible job titles for the position I want.  
  Day 7  Create my “Dream Job” job description.  
  Day 8  Conduct a review of my skills, experience, and qualifications compared to my “Dream Job” job description.  
  Day 9  Spend 15 minutes answering these questions: What am I meant to do? How can I use my skills, education, and experience for maximum benefit? What kinds of problems can I solve for an organization?  
  Day 10  Outline five C-A-R accomplishments that I can add to my résumé and/or use in a job interview
  Day 11  Write up a list of honors and awards I’ve received.  
  Day 12  Research my target job salary.  
  Day 13  Think about how I got my last job and figure out if I can try that again.  
  Day 14  Make a list of the skills, training, and education I need for my next job. Research how to obtain one of these.  
  Day 15  Line up an accountability partner to help support me in my job search.  
  Day 16  Make a list of 10 organizations I’d like to work for.  
  Day 17  Make a list of everyone I know in my network.  
  Day 18  Spend 30 minutes researching prospective employers.
  Day 19  Reach out to one person in my network and let them know I’m looking for a new opportunity.  
  Day 20  Research 3 recruiters I’d like to work with and send them a LinkedIn connection request.  
  Day 21  Reach out to someone who works for the organization I want to work for. Ask them if they will meet me for lunch this weekend.  
Completing the 21-Day Challenge

At the end of the 21 days, review your progress. Do you have any leads on unadvertised openings? Any interviews or job offers yet? If not, don’t worry. The majority of this 21-day challenge is focused on preparing yourself for the job search, not conducting the job search.

Ready To Quit? Consider These Things First

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Many of us fantasize about quitting our jobs—usually in a moment of pique or fear. Over the last several weeks, many federal employees I have spoken with are seriously considering their options. Before quitting impulsively, consider the following:

  • Do you have a real plan? Have you mapped out your job search strategy? Have you assessed exactly what you’re looking for in your next job? Are you willing to move if necessary? Go into an office fulltime? Before you start to look for your next position, decide what is most important to you so you have clear parameters for your search.
  • Do you have another job lined up? If not, how quickly (realistically) do you think you can land another job? Can you afford to be unemployed? If so, for how long? Do you have high monthly payments? Have you created a budget?
  • Are your salary expectations for your next role realistic? No hiring manager cares what you “need” to make…they’re only interested in what they think the job (and you) are worth. If you work in a niche industry (such as astrophysicist) or high demand occupation (like cybersecurity), you’re more likely to be able to negotiate a high salary.
  • Is your resume updated and your LinkedIn robust? These are critical tools in every job seeker’s toolbox.
  • Have you removed your personal documents, emails, and contact information from work systems? If not, this is something you want to do before announcing your resignation. And of course, you’ll need to follow your organization’s rules regarding what documents belong to the organization.
  • Determine if there are ethics / conflict of interest rules which need to be followed as you search for your next role? Make sure you understand any restrictions on your search before getting started.
  • Review your medical and other benefits. How will you cover your health insurance if you are unemployed? Yes, you will likely be eligible for COBRA but do know that premiums may be much higher than what you ar used to. Have you taken a loan against your 401 (k) or Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)? How will you repay it? What are your options to rollover your 401 (k)?
  • Is this the right time to leave? Have you appropriately considered your options? What do you have to lose /gain by leaving? Would some time off help you gain some perspective?

Whatever you decide, make sure that your decision is well considered and if you do decide to leave, do so with grace and professionalism.

Fact or Myth? What Do You Know About the Modern Job Search?

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MYTH: Job postings represent real jobs. Job postings on USAJOBS do not always represent a specific opening. It is critical to read the fine print; you can recognize such jobs when you see language such as: This Public Notice will serve as a resume repository – positions may or may not be filled from this announcement. This is also true of private sector job postings. According to ResumeBuilder, 40% of companies admit to posting fake jobs on job boards in 2024.

MYTH: USAJOBS is an Applicant Tracking Software. USAJOBS is not an ATS; it is a system to collect applications for positions and then forward those applications to the hiring Human Resources office. Real Human Resources personnel read the resumes of qualified applicants.

MYTH: If I know I can do a job, I should apply. You should read the job qualifications; if you don’t have what they’re looking for in terms of skills, education, or number of years of experience, just “knowing” you can do the job is generally not enough. You’ll be competing against people who have all of the qualifications.

MYTH: My resume should reflect everything I have ever done. Most resumes these days only go back 10 years or so. I promise that no one cares what you did in the 1970’s or 80’s. And think about it, who would you rather hire? Someone who is doing it now or someone who hasn’t done in 20 or 30 years?

MYTH: Getting a job is quick. While it is possible to get the first job you apply for, it isn’t that likely. The ease of online applying means that hundreds if not thousands of applications are received for every posting.

MYTH: I can talk my way into a remote job, even if the posting says otherwise. Federal postings clearly articulate whether a job is remote or not; if it’s not listed as remote, do not count on being able to talk the hiring manager into making the job remote just for you (absent a reasonable accommodation). The private sector side has more flexibility but if the posting is specific about how many days per week you are expected to be in an office, believer them. At least until after you have proven yourself.

MYTH: I only need one resume. At a minimum, your resume needs to be tweaked for key words with each application. There is no such thing as a standardized generic resume anymore.

MYTH (sometimes): I need a cover letter. If you’re applying for a federal job and the posting does not require a cover letter, I recommend not providing one. If you’re targeting the private sector then yes, it is considered customary to include one. If you do write a cover letter it needs to be targeted toward the job you’re applying for, use key words, and clearly articulate your qualifications vis-a-vis the job.

These are just a few of the myths that exist about job search. What would you add?

Looking For A Job While Still Employed?

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The best time to look for a job is when you already have one. No hiring manager purposely decides to hire someone who is unemployed. Keeping your options open and making sure that you’re paying attention to what’s going on and having a resume ready to go is called “career cushioning;” something that should be part of your career strategy.

Here are some strategies for career cushioning:

  • Monitoring the job market
  • Preparing/updating job search documents and LinkedIn profile
  • Networking with recruiters and others who can assist with a job search
  • Arranging for informational interviews to learn more about an organization
  • Activating job search alerts and browsing job listings
  • Creating a target list of prospective employers
  • Applying for jobs
  • Researching opportunities in new career fields
  • Inventorying your skills and interests for alignment with future opportunities
  • Improve your personal brand by increasing your online visibility (blogging, social media engagement, etc.)
  • Upskilling/reskilling/training
  • Starting a side hustle that could become a job/career or taking on freelance work
  • Working with a resume writer and/or career coach

One of the most important parts of career cushioning is protecting your future.

  • What kind of job or career do you see yourself in a few years down the road?
  • What skills would that job or career require?
  • What steps do you need to take today to prepare yourself for a job search tomorrow or in the near future?

One key tactic for setting yourself up for success is networking. Connecting with individuals inside and outside your field can help you land your next role. Networking can help you identify unadvertised job opportunities, connect with recruiters and hiring managers, and learn more about an organization before you apply for an advertised opening.

Especially when pursuing a confidential job search, networking can help open door to finding the next job opportunity. No longer does networking mean just attending industry conferences and trade shows — connecting with contacts on LinkedIn and using LinkedIn messages to stay in touch can be just as effective.

Even if your position isn’t threatened, career cushioning is a smart strategy to ensure you’re being paid a market rate and you’re ready for an opportunity if it arises.

If you’re looking to learn even more, check out our other career resources.