Most agencies offer both formal and informal development opportunities. The formal type of development encompasses traditional training programs, while informal development occurs during every day work. Do not neglect the multiple informal opportunities most of us have to improve ourselves at work. And, in these times of increasing budget pressures, it may be easier to take advantage of informal, rather than formal opportunities.
Career Planning
Take Advantage Of Informal Development Opportunities
Development is about more than just training. Most agencies offer both formal and informal development opportunities. The formal type of development encompasses traditional training programs, while informal development occurs during every day work. Do not neglect the multiple informal opportunities most of us have to improve ourselves at work. And, in these times of increasing budget pressures, it may be easier to take advantage of informal, rather than formal opportunities.
The following describes some examples of typical formal development programs. Not all agencies offer all of these opportunities.
Tuition Assistance Programs
Agencies may offer employees assistance to attend academic courses that are job related.
Targeted Career Training
In the case of the Career Intern Program, a centralized effort is used to provide effective and consistent training. This training often combines formal coursework with rotations and is based on defined competencies. Such program designs provide professional, technical, and leadership training.
Professional Development
Agencies may establish professional development programs designed to provide technical and general knowledge and experience to career employees. Agencies may also establish leadership development programs to ensure leaders continue to develop and “grow” the knowledge and skill necessary to effectively lead the organization. Such programs usually include well-rounded orientation consisting of formal coursework and on-the-job training assignments throughout the agency. The Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program (CDP) is one such example.
Individual Learning Account
An Individual Learning Account (ILA) is a base amount of resources expressed in terms of dollars or hours, or both, set aside for an individual employee to use for his or her learning and development. Accounts may be used to develop knowledge, skills, and abilities directly related to the employee’s official duties. ILAs provide employees with flexible learning opportunities, and put the responsibility for learning in the hands of the learner.
Informal Development Opportunities
Managers can create development opportunities by creating situations for employees to learn informally. This type of development sometimes has a greater impact than more expensive formal training. Examples of informal development include the following:
Job rotations
Employees are appointed to new positions to learn about a different facet of the organization.
Special assignments
Tasks are given to employees to help them explore new areas and learn new skills.
Self-assessment
Employees are asked to analyze their needs and the efficacy of past training.
Coaching and counseling
Managers, team leaders, other employees give assistance and feedback on employee’s performance.
Job Aid/Demonstration
Sometimes a performance problem can be addressed with a quick demonstration or a simple instructional tool.
Mentoring
Senior colleague works with employee to help network, clarify goals, etc.
Learning teams
A team that is formed to address individual or group learning.
Self-development
Employees identify their own development needs and manage their own learning process.
Start an Individual Development Plan with a Few Easy Steps
An Individual Development Plan (IDP) can help you stay on course toward achieving your career development goals. But where and how do you begin? With these tips, you will learn to identify and describe your goals, choose activities that will help you meet them, set key milestones, and create a timeline for the completion of your goals.
Brainstorming and Preparation
To start the IDP process, first spend some time thinking about your career. As you do, ask yourself these questions:
- How am I doing in my current job? In what areas do I excel? In what areas do I fall short, and what can I do to improve? Do I have all of the skills necessary to succeed?
- What are my short-term career goals and developmental needs?
- What developmental activities in my current job could help me develop the skills and knowledge I need for my target job?
- Are there projects or experiences at work that could be helpful in my development?
- Are there formal learning opportunities (e.g., conferences, virtual trainings, classes) that I would like to participate in?
As you consider these questions, write down your thoughts and note the areas with which you might need help. Be open and honest about your developmental needs. Finally, write down any career goals that emerge as a part of this brainstorm.
IDPs: Getting Started
Once you finish brainstorming, you should have some initial ideas for goals and relevant developmental opportunities. Now, begin to organize these ideas. Depending on where you work, you may have access to an IDP form. Your supervisor or HR specialist should be able to provide you with a form or another option if your organization does not participate in a formalized IDP process.
Generally, your IDP should include the following:
- A clear statement of short-term career goals (within 1-2 years)
- A clear statement of long-term career goals (within 3-5 years)
- A specific action plan for the next year designed to help you move closer to achieving these goals
Creating Strong Goals
Don’t be afraid to set tough, but realistic, goals for yourself. Good career goals will help you to identify and focus your developmental efforts, bringing you closer to where you want to be in your career. By capturing both long-term (3-5 years) and short-term (1-2 years) goals, you can make sure your current efforts are supporting your future ambitions. Try to capture at least one long-term career goal and three to six short-term career goals in your IDP.
As you develop your IDP, make sure all of your goals:
- Are SMART—Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound
- Complement your organization’s mission, vision, and goals
- Include any competencies you wish to develop
- Contain the strategies you will use to accomplish your goals
- Include the resources you will need
- Explain how you will measure your progress
- Include a deadline for achieving your goals
- Finally, for each goal you set, identify one to three developmental activities that will help you achieve that goal.
Roles and Responsibilities for the IDP Process
To make your IDP experience as productive and efficient as possible, it helps to understand your role and your supervisor’s role in the process.
Your role is to:
- Understand how well your skills and knowledge match what you need to complete your goals
- Identify career goals, development needs, and training or developmental opportunities geared toward the achievement of your goals
- Assess your progress toward reaching your goals
Your supervisor’s role is to:
- Help you assess your strengths and development needs
- Provide opportunities to discuss and plan your development
- Help you identify training and developmental opportunities
- Make sure that training and developmental opportunities align with your goals
- Make sure that your goals and developmental needs align with the agency’s goals and objectives
- Evaluate the outcome of your training and development
Planning for Your IDP Conversation
Once you’ve developed your IDP, you’ll want to set a time for reviewing your plan with your supervisor. Your supervisor is a valuable resource for your career planning and can help you explore possibilities you may not have considered.
The purpose of an IDP meeting with your supervisor is to come away with a comprehensive plan for your development. This includes goals as well as action items that will help you pursue your goals. You will have the opportunity to share what you have brainstormed and your supervisor will help you explore possibilities you may not have considered.
Be sure to schedule a follow-up meeting to review and adjust your plan as needed and check on your progress toward your goals.
Making Your IDP Conversation a Success
To make the most out of your conversation with your supervisor about your IDP:
- Bring your development needs, goals, and potential resources to the discussion
- Be open to your supervisor’s feedback and suggestions
- Choose a time when both of you can stay focused on the development conversation without distractions or interruptions
- Place timelines on your goals and objectives and set specific guidelines for follow-up
- Schedule a follow-up meeting to review your progress
*Hat tip to the Department of Veterans Affairs for their excellent advice on career development.
Four Steps to Plan Your Career
No one cares more about your career than you do. As an employee, you need to be proactive in your career—this includes creating an Individual Development Plan (IDP) with your supervisor. And, if your supervisor does not offer this opportunity, seize the reins yourself! There are four steps to planning your career: Assess, Explore, Plan, and Take Action.
Planning your career can seem like a difficult task, but with the right approach, you can open up new doors without feeling overwhelmed. No matter where you are in your career – whether you are a long-time federal employee, a new employee, or a Veteran entering the civilian workforce – career planning with this four-phase career development model can help you break things down into manageable steps. Here’s how it works:
Assess
During the Assess phase, you get to ask yourself an important question: What do you really want to do with your career?
You can start this process on your own – it’s as simple as brainstorming about your interests, priorities, and goals. Or, you can get feedback from people who know you well.
As you assess yourself, be sure to focus on your strengths. While it’s important to understand and work on your shortcomings, the biggest career growth can actually come from further developing skills or behaviors in which you already excel. Finally, as part of the Assess phase, you should think about the tradeoffs you are willing to make in your career. For example, if your goal is getting a higher paying job, think about how long a commute you are willing to have in exchange. Considering tradeoffs like this can give you more insight into your actual priorities.
Explore
During the Explore phase, you are looking for opportunities that move you toward your overall career goals. This means researching various career paths on your own or through conversations with others.
A good first step in the Explore phase may be to find a mentor in the career field that interests you who can talk with you about next steps or good developmental opportunities for you to complete.
Another great activity is to shadow someone in the workplace. Job shadowing is when you observe someone for a day to learn more about whether that person’s career field or specific job could be a good fit for you. Express interest to the person you want to shadow and see if he or she has enough time available. Then, work with your supervisor or mentor to set it up.
In the Explore phase, keep in mind that any activity that helps you discover more about a career you may be interested in is worth considering. This includes the activities above but can also be as simple as having lunch with someone who is knowledgeable about another career to get his or her insider’s perspective.
Plan
Now that you understand yourself and the career possibilities in front of you, you are ready to create a plan. Coming up with a solid plan can be easy when you approach the process with an Individual Development Plan (IDP). IDPs provide the structure you need to stay on track.
You can set effective career goals in your plan using the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, Timebound) method, which will help you think about the concrete steps you will take to achieve your goals. Is there training you need to complete to be eligible for a new position? Or are there experiences you can get in your current position that will qualify you for your next? For instance, if one of your goals is to improve your communication skills, you might plan to gather feedback on your communication skills from your peers and supervisors and then spend time learning about different communication styles. Or, you could take a course to learn about communicating effectively during meetings.
Take Action
Now, you’re ready to put your plan in motion. Depending on the goals you have identified, you may be taking a few hours of training each week, shadowing another employee to see what it takes to succeed in his or her position, or applying for a new job. As you complete your planned steps, don’t forget to gather feedback on your activities from a supervisor or mentor. You should also review and adjust your IDP as you go based on your progress toward your career goals.
By using these four phases for your career planning, you will be well on your way to the career you want. But remember to be flexible – developing your career is a continuous process. As your priorities evolve, you should feel free to bounce back and forth between the four phases, getting what you need from each.
Five Reasons You Should Not Wait for a Buyout
With all of the concern about potential restructuring and downsizing, many people I talk to are thinking about leaving the government—but, to a person, they are waiting for a buy-out. While I certainly understand how a buyout might be attractive, there are 5 reasons you may not want to wait:
Reason 1: You may not actually get a buy-out. Buyouts, officially known as Voluntary Separation Incentive Payments (VSIP), allow agencies that are downsizing or restructuring to offer employees lump-sum payments up to $25,000 as an incentive to voluntarily separate. When authorized by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), an agency may offer VSIP to employees who are in surplus positions or have skills that are no longer needed in the workforce who volunteer to separate by resignation, optional retirement, or by voluntary early retirement, if approved. Agencies are not required to offer VSIPs (although obviously many do). And, even if a VSIP is offered in your agency, you may not be eligible as each agency must develop a VSIP which defines what positions and grades will be covered. If your position / grade /occupational series / location is not covered by the VSIP, you are out of luck.
Reason 2: If you are offered and accept a VSIP, you are restricted from returning to the federal government for 5 years—unless you want to repay the VSIP amount. According to OPM, an employee who receives a VSIP and later accepts employment for compensation with the Government of the United States within 5 years of the date of the separation on which the VSIP is based, including work under a personal services contract or other direct contract, must repay the entire amount of the VSIP to the agency that paid it – before the individual’s first day of reemployment. Waivers are available but they must be requested from OPM.
Reason 3: $25,000 is not as much money as you think. With the exception of the Department of Defense (DoD), VSIPs are $25,000 ($40,000 for DoD employees). Taxes are taken out of your VSIP. What you are left with may not last you that long.
Reason 4: If you are waiting for a VSIP, you can be assured that many other federal employees are too. If you plan to get a job in the private sector, you will likely be competing against your colleagues for the same jobs—and at the same time. This could make your post-VSIP job hunting process more competitive than you had anticipated.
Reason 5: Getting a job takes time. Especially a job in the private sector where you may have few connections. While it is certainly possible that you will get the first job you apply for, it is more likely that you will have to apply for multiple jobs over multiple months. Why not get started now, while you are still employed? That way, if you get a job, you can make a positive decision about whether it is the right one for you or not. That is a much better position to be in, rather than waiting for that buyout (that may or may not come) and then getting started on your job search.
Just thinking about leaving period?
Make Your Job Search Part of your Routine, Always Network
I often hear comments along the lines of, “I’ve never had to look for a job, they have always just fallen into my lap.” While that may have been true in the past, for most of us, a successful job search requires organization and effort. You will need to develop a routine to be successful in your job search. It is important to do something to move your job search forward every day. You will need to create a new set of priorities and schedules—and write it down so you can hold yourself accountable.
Since you’re employed but seeking new opportunities, you need to make an extra effort to make time for your job search. Be consistent in the amount of time you spend each week looking for a job. Don’t spend 40 hours one week and then nothing for the next two weeks! The hardest part is getting started. Once you get the momentum into your search, you will want to keep moving forward. Set a schedule and stick to it.
First you need to decide whether you’re looking for another federal job or if you want to transition to the private sector. If you want another federal job, you should create a search agent on USAJOBS. The search agent should target the agencies, positions, grades, and occupations you’re interested in. You should also update your federal resume, making sure to include quantifiable accomplishments and metrics to give your work context. In addition, take a look at your LinkedIn Profile (you have one, right?). While the federal government doesn’t typically use LinkedIn to conduct job search, hiring managers will often look at LinkedIn to “check you out” prior to interviewing. You can and should use LinkedIn for networking—reach out to potential contacts and let them know you’re thinking about making a change, and ask them to notify you if they have an opening that might be of interest. You should also network in person; attend professional meetings if possible and let your friends and others know that you’re open to a job change.
If you have decided to transition to the private sector, the underlying concepts are the same; you need to have a private sector resume that uses key words, has accomplishments and metrics, and shows that value you offer to a potential employer. If you haven’t written a private sector resume in many years, please know that they have changed. The old “objective” statement at the top of the resume has been replaced with a “qualifications profile” that immediately showcases who you are and what you have to offer a prospective employer. Likewise, it is considered old fashioned to include a section on references in your resume; instead, you should have a separate reference page.
Unlike the federal government, most of the private sector uses Applicant Tracking Software (ATS) to screen applicants. If you’re applying online for a position — whether through a company’s own website or a portal like Indeed or Monster — it’s likely that your resume and application will be entered into a database. This makes ensuring that you customize your resume for each job posting essential, as ATS is searching for key words.
Networking is essential for a private sector job search; even with the widespread usage of ATS, it’s humans that still do the actual hiring. Having a referral from someone already in the organization you are targeting is very helpful. Research consistently indicates that more than 40% of jobseekers identify networking as the reason they found their most recent job. Social media is also critical to your private sector job search; many recruiters and companies use LinkedIn to “source” applicants. Your LinkedIn presence should present a positive professional image—and your other social media, such as Facebook, should not undercut that image. You should also make sure that the job titles and dates on your resume match those on LinkedIn.
It is also important to track your job search. Keep a list of the jobs you applied for, the dates you applied, and the results. You may also want to keep copies of the specific job postings so that you can properly prepare for interviews when called. Prepare a list of people in your network and then develop a log of when you reached out, what you discussed, and any appropriate follow up. Sign up with various job search boards, but be careful about putting personal information such as addresses, social security numbers, and the like, in the public domain. Read professional journals so you know what is going on in your industry. Attend job fairs. Develop your references. And most importantly, do something every day to further your job search!